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Learning Hub

Understanding Temperaments

The Basics

Stella Chess, M.D and Alex Thomas, M.D., founders of temperament research, identified the following nine temperamental traits:

 

Trait

Positives

Assessment

Activity Level refers to the need for a person to be in motion. Highly active children can channel their energy into sports, contributing to the household, and keeping up with the many tasks of adulthood.
  • Is your child difficult to diaper because she squirms or wiggles?

  • Does your child have difficulty sitting still, or can he sit quietly for long periods of time?

  • Does your child become irritable if confined too long, or can she sit in a car seat without protest?
Distractibility is the degree to which a child can concentrate and pay attention when he’s not interested in an activity. It’s easier to divert a highly distractible child from an undesirable behavior.
  • Is your baby distracted by what’s going on around her when nursing?

  • Is your baby soothed when offered another activity?

  • Does your child become side-tracked easily when trying to follow a routine?
Intensity is the strength of a child’s emotional reactions. Intense people are often very passionate. When they can learn to channel their intensity, they can find much joy and fulfillment.
  • Does your child become frustrated easily?

  • Does your child experience every emotion deeply and powerfully?

  • Does your child become upset quickly?

If yes to some or all these questions, your child’s intensity level may be high.

Regularity is the predictability of eating, sleeping, and elimination patterns Irregular people may be more flexible. As adults, they may better tolerate travel and unusual working hours.
  • Does your child want to eat at certain times of the day? Or does she skip meals and eat a lot at some and not so much at others?

  • Does your child nap at the same time each day? Or can your child easily delay a nap?

  • Does your child wake up at the same time? Or if left to her schedule, would it be different times?
Sensitivity is the degree to which a child reacts to physical stimuli (i.e. sounds, smells, textures, emotions)  A highly sensitive individual may be more attuned to what’s going on around him and to better recognize emotions in adults -- a desirable trait for a mate.
  • Is your child very affected by the emotions of others (anger, sadness) [highly sensitive], or does she not seem to notice others’ moods?

  • Do sounds startle your child?

  • Does the feel of clothing bother your child?

  • Does he notice temperature differences?

  • Do bright lights bother her?
Approach/Withdrawal is the degree to which a child responds to strangers or new situations People who hesitate to approach situations often think before they act and may be less impulsive in adolescence.
  • Does your child get excited about new situations and people and eagerly approach them?

  • Or is your child hesitant and resistant in new situations?
Adaptability is how quickly the child adapts to changes in routines and transitions A child who adapts more slowly may be less likely to rush into dangerous situations.
  • Does your child dislike surprises (slow-to-adapt)? Or enjoy them?

  • Does your child have trouble getting going in the morning?

  • Does you child have trouble falling to sleep at night?

  • Is it hard for your child to switch activities?
Persistence is the length of time a child will focus on an activity when faced with  challenges and interruptions A highly persistent child may be able to accomplish many goals throughout life.
  • Will your child keep working on a puzzle when it’s hard? Or will she move to another activity?

  • Will your child keep pressing when your answer is ‘no’?

  • Does your child react strongly when interrupted?
Mood is whether the child views the world primarily positively or negatively The more serious child may evaluate and analyze situations more carefully.
  • Is your child generally happy?

  • Does he focus on the positives?

  • Is your child more serious?